@article{Emre_Boga_Cetiner_Tunc_Demirhan_2021, title={The Effects of Exposure to 900 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation and Nicotine on Apoptotic Ratio of Human Fetal Cells}, volume={4}, url={https://seejim.eu/index.php/seejim/article/view/3249}, DOI={10.3889/seejim.2021.3249}, abstractNote={<p><strong>AIM: </strong>The present study purposes to examine the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) and nicotine exposures on apoptosis and necrosis ratio of cultured amniocytes.</p> <p><strong>METHODS: </strong>Amniotic fluid samples were gained from 48 pregnant women and, after culturing procedure, samples were analyzed by flow cytometry.</p> <p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Significant increases were observed in ratios of necrotic (UL), early (LR), and late apoptotic cells (UR) in the exposure groups of RF-EMR, nicotine, and RF-EMR + nicotine groups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001), along with significant changes in ratios of viable (LL) cells (p < 0.001).</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Our results showed that nicotine exposure, alone or in combination with 900 MHz RF-EMR, led to increased apoptotic cell ratios. Amniocytes were even more severely affected by nicotine, when nicotine was administered in combination with 900 MHz RF-EMR, due to created synergistic effect. More studies with different settings, exposure times, frequencies, and doses are needed to clarify net effects of exposures to nicotine and RF-EMR radiation, alone or in combination.</p>}, number={1}, journal={South East European Journal of Immunology}, author={Emre, Mustafa and Boga, Ayper and Cetiner, Salih and Tunc, Erdal and Demirhan, Osman}, year={2021}, month={Nov.}, pages={1–7} }